IT IS EXTREMELY CONFUSING. THESE ARE ONLY SOME OF THE PROFESSIONS WHO REQUEST THAT YOU CALL THEIR DEGREED AND CERTIFIED MEMBERS, “DOCTOR”. ALMOST ALL HAVE DRAMATICALLY DIFFERENT EDUCATION, TRAINING, EXPERIENCES, CAREERS, FOCUS, AND COMPETENCIES.

Ph.D., Doctor of Philosophy (many different areas of specialization)

M.D., Doctor of Medicine

D.O., Doctor of Osteopathy

D.P.M., Doctor of Podiatric Medicine

D.D.S. or D.M.D, Doctor of Dental Surgery or Doctor of Dental Medicine

O.D., Doctor of Optometry

Pharm.D., Doctor of Pharmacy

D.N.P., Doctor of Nursing Practice

D.N.Sc, Doctor of Nursing Science

D.S.L.P., Doctor of Speech-Language Pathology

D.C., Doctor of Chiropractic

N.D., Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine

D.P.T., Doctor of Physical Therapy

Ed.D., Doctor of Education

Psy.D., Doctor of Psychology

D.S.W., Doctor of Social Work

D.S.E., Doctorate in Sports and Exercise

D.H.A., Doctorate of Healthcare Administration

D.V.M., Doctor of Veterinary Medicine

D.H.A., Doctor of Healthcare Administration

Charles Tadros, M.D.

September 3, 2021

Saint Louis, Missouri